典型症状
非典型症状
典型体征
非典型体征
当前无特异性实验室指标或影像学特征用于诊断露阴障碍。
[^WHO_ICD11]: World Health Organization. (2019). ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines for Mental Disorders (6D30 Exhibitionistic Disorder).
[^DSM5]: American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), pp. 705-706.
[^Kafka2010]: Kafka, M.P. (2010). Arch Sex Behav 39(2):377-400. Hypersexual disorder prevalence.
[^Murphy2008]: Murphy, W.D. & Page, I.J. (2008). In Sexual Deviance (2nd ed.), Guilford Press, pp.61-75.
[^Langstrom2010]: Långström, N. & Seto, M.C. (2010). J Abnorm Psychol 115(3):610-621. Psychological distress correlates.
[^Abel2008]: Abel, G.G., et al. (2008). J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 36(4):443-450. Fantasy-behavior linkage.
[^Firestone2006]: Firestone, P., et al. (2006). Sex Abuse 18(2):193-217. Behavioral patterns.
[^Kafka2009]: Kafka, M.P. (2009). J Sex Med 6(Suppl 3):302-311. Comorbidity rates.
[^Schiffer2011]: Schiffer, B., et al. (2011). J Psychiatr Res 45(1):125-133. Neurocognitive findings.
[^Bancroft2009]: Bancroft, J. (2009). Human Sexuality and Its Problems (3rd ed.), Churchill Livingstone.
[^Grant2008]: Grant, J.E., et al. (2008). Am J Psychiatry 162(11):2181-2187. Impulse control comorbidity.
[^Lussier2018]: Lussier, P. & Cale, J. (2018). Sex Abuse 30(1):3-24. Legal intervention data.
说明:临床表现数据主要基于司法/临床样本研究。因患者主动就诊率低(<20%),非司法样本数据有限[^Langstrom2010]。症状强度与冲动频率呈正相关,但无量化生物学标志物。