典型症状
非典型症状
典型体征
非典型体征
当前无特异性实验室指标或影像学特征用于诊断露阴障碍。
说明：临床表现数据主要基于司法/临床样本研究。因患者主动就诊率低（<20%），非司法样本数据有限4。症状强度与冲动频率呈正相关，但无量化生物学标志物。
World Health Organization. (2019). ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines for Mental Disorders (6D30 Exhibitionistic Disorder). ↩ ↩ ↩
Murphy, W.D. & Page, I.J. (2008). In Sexual Deviance (2nd ed.), Guilford Press, pp.61-75. ↩
Kafka, M.P. (2010). Arch Sex Behav 39(2):377-400. Hypersexual disorder prevalence. ↩
Långström, N. & Seto, M.C. (2010). J Abnorm Psychol 115(3):610-621. Psychological distress correlates. ↩ ↩
Abel, G.G., et al. (2008). J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 36(4):443-450. Fantasy-behavior linkage. ↩
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), pp. 705-706. ↩
Firestone, P., et al. (2006). Sex Abuse 18(2):193-217. Behavioral patterns. ↩
Kafka, M.P. (2009). J Sex Med 6(Suppl 3):302-311. Comorbidity rates. ↩
Schiffer, B., et al. (2011). J Psychiatr Res 45(1):125-133. Neurocognitive findings. ↩
Bancroft, J. (2009). Human Sexuality and Its Problems (3rd ed.), Churchill Livingstone. ↩
Grant, J.E., et al. (2008). Am J Psychiatry 162(11):2181-2187. Impulse control comorbidity. ↩
Lussier, P. & Cale, J. (2018). Sex Abuse 30(1):3-24. Legal intervention data. ↩