Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (Online or Print Editions).Pharmaceutical Press. (Comprehensive reference for drug monographs, including classification, properties, pharmacology, uses, adverse effects, interactions, and precautions. Entry for Azanidazole or related nitroimidazoles provides the basis for classification, mechanism, and safety profile).
World Health Organization (WHO) Model Formulary. (Provides information on essential medicines, their uses, and regulatory status in different contexts. Useful for understanding global perspective on drug availability and classification).
Kucers' The Use of Antibiotics: A Clinical Review of Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiparasitic, and Antiviral Drugs, 7th Edition. Edited by M. Lindsay Grayson, et al. CRC Press. (Authoritative multi-volume reference on antimicrobial agents. The chapter on nitroimidazoles details the class properties, mechanisms, spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses including trichomoniasis, adverse effects, and contraindications. Azanidazole is discussed within this context).
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA) Databases. (Official regulatory agency websites provide information on approved indications, prescribing information, safety warnings, and regulatory status in specific regions. While Azanidazole may not be approved/marketed in all major regions like the US or EU, checking these sources confirms its regulatory context elsewhere). Note: Specific approval status may vary by country.
Clinical Research Publications (Examples - Focus on Nitroimidazoles):
Edwards, D. I. (1993). Nitroimidazole drugs - action and resistance mechanisms. I. Mechanisms of action. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 31(1), 9-20. (Details the core mechanism of action shared by all nitroimidazoles).
Freeman, C. D., Klutman, N. E., & Lamp, K. C. (1997). Metronidazole. A therapeutic review and update. Drugs, 54(5), 679-708. (While about metronidazole, this comprehensive review establishes the standard for the class, against which alternatives like azanidazole are compared in terms of efficacy and safety).
Comparative studies (if available) between metronidazole and other nitroimidazoles (like tinidazole, ornidazole) for trichomoniasis, which inform the positioning of azanidazole as an alternative (A). Specific studies directly comparing Azanidazole to Metronidazole head-to-head may be older or less abundant.
National or International Guidelines for STI Treatment: (e.g., CDC STD Treatment Guidelines, WHO guidelines). These guidelines establish Metronidazole/Tinidazole as first-line for trichomoniasis, implicitly defining other nitroimidazoles like azanidazole as alternatives when first-line is unsuitable. Guidelines typically won't mention Azanidazole specifically if it's not a primary choice in that region.
Textbooks of Pharmacology (e.g., Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Katzung & Trevor's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology). Relevant chapters on antiprotozoal drugs cover the nitroimidazole class, their mechanisms, uses, and adverse effects.