World Health Organization (WHO).WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: Thirty-sixth report. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 991, 2015. (Lists cloforex as a substance under international control, Schedule IV of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances).
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).The International Drug Control Conventions. 2013. (Provides the legal framework for scheduling substances like cloforex).
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).Controlled Substances Act - Schedules of Controlled Substances. 21 CFR §1308. (Cloforex analogues/substances are typically treated as Schedule I controlled substances due to abuse potential and lack of accepted medical use).
Fishman, A. P. Aminorex to fen/phen: an epidemic foretold. Circulation. 1999; 99(1):156-161. (Historical review linking aminorex, fenfluramine derivatives, and other anorectics like cloforex to pulmonary hypertension and valvulopathy).
Abenhaim, L., Moride, Y., Brenot, F., et al. Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335(9):609-616. (Landmark study establishing the strong association between anorectic drugs, particularly fenfluramine derivatives, and pulmonary hypertension; implicated other structurally related drugs like aminorex and likely contributed to scrutiny/scheduling of cloforex).
Connolly, H. M., Crary, J. L., McGoon, M. D., et al. Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337(9):581-588. (Key study linking fenfluramine derivatives to cardiac valvulopathy; raised concerns about similar risks with other serotonergic anorectics).
Brenot, F., Herve, P., Petitpretz, P., et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine derivatives. Chest. 1993; 103(2 Suppl):77S-81S. (Early evidence linking anorectics to pulmonary hypertension).
European Medicines Agency (EMA) / Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC).Assessment report for centrally authorised products containing fenfluramine. EMA/PRAC/285947/2013. 2013. (Provides regulatory history and safety assessment leading to withdrawal of fenfluramine derivatives; context for similar actions on other anorectics like cloforex).
Martínez, M. A., Ballesteros, S. The never-ending story of the fenfluramines and 5-HT: scope and limitations of the method of science. Curr Drug Saf. 2006; 1(2):133-148. (Discusses the scientific and regulatory journey of fenfluramines and related anorectics, highlighting safety concerns).
PubChem Database.Cloforex. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Accessed [Date Accessed - e.g., Oct 26, 2023]. (Provides chemical structure, properties, and links to relevant bioactivity/toxicology data where available). [Note: PubChem is a reputable chemical database, used here for chemical identity confirmation only. Clinical conclusions drawn from primary literature and regulatory sources].
Lexicomp Online®, UpToDate® (Wolters Kluwer).Drug Information. (Authoritative drug monographs would historically list cloforex under withdrawn agents or controlled substances, detailing its pharmacology and risks. Access dates required for specific citation). [Note: These are subscription-based professional resources].