国内健康环球医讯家医百科科学探索医药资讯

波那普令Bornaprine

更新时间:2025-10-09 15:50:52

一、药物基本属性

- 药品分类
化学药品(合成叔胺类抗胆碱能药物)

- 来源与性状

- 管理级别

  1. 治疗用途明确:主要用于帕金森病症状控制,需医生诊断和处方。
  2. 副作用可控但需监测:具有典型的抗胆碱能副作用(口干、便秘、视力模糊、认知障碍等),需在医疗监督下使用,但未达到管制药品(麻醉、精神、毒性、放射性)的标准。
  3. 滥用潜力低:无显著欣快感或依赖潜力,不属于国际或中国管制的精神药品或麻醉药品范畴。

- 临床价值

  1. 非首选治疗:现代帕金森病药物治疗的首选(F)是左旋多巴制剂和多巴胺受体激动剂。抗胆碱能药(如波那普令)主要用于:
  1. 显著副作用限制使用:其抗胆碱能副作用(尤其认知损害、谵妄、便秘、尿潴留、青光眼风险)在老年患者中发生率高且严重,因此使用受到严格限制(H3)。
  2. 历史药物特征:曾是早期帕金森病治疗的主要药物之一,但随着更有效、耐受性更好的药物(左旋多巴)出现,其临床地位显著下降。未被完全淘汰(H2),但应用范围已大大缩小(H3)。

二、核心功效与临床应用

  1. 帕金森病(Parkinson's Disease, PD)
  1. 药物诱发的帕金森综合征(Drug-Induced Parkinsonism, DIP):有时用于治疗由抗精神病药(尤其是第一代)等药物引起的帕金森样症状,但需权衡利弊(可能恶化精神病性症状)。
  2. 其他锥体外系反应:可能对某些其他类型的锥体外系反应(如肌张力障碍)有一定效果,但非首选。

三、使用禁忌与注意事项

- 副作用 (常见且显著)
波那普令的副作用主要源于其对中枢和外周M受体的阻断作用:

  1. 中枢神经系统
  1. 外周抗胆碱能效应

- 禁忌与风险

  1. 绝对禁忌
  1. 相对禁忌/高风险人群 (需极其谨慎评估利弊,通常避免使用)
  1. 重要注意事项

重要医疗建议强调

参考文献

  1. Sweetman, S. C. (Ed.). (2009). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (36th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. (Standard reference for drug properties, uses, and adverse effects).
  2. Fox, S. H., Katzenschlager, R., Lim, S. Y., Barton, B., de Bie, R. M. A., Seppi, K., ... & International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Committee. (2018). International Parkinson and movement disorder society evidence-based medicine review: Update on treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 33(8), 1248-1266. (Authoritative guidelines placing anticholinergics like bornaprine as alternatives with specific limitations, especially in the elderly).
  3. Brocks, D. R. (1999). Anticholinergic drugs used in Parkinson's disease: An overlooked class of drugs from a pharmacokinetic perspective. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(2), 39-46. (Discusses pharmacokinetics and class-specific issues of anticholinergics in PD).
  4. Katzenschlager, R., Sampaio, C., Costa, J., & Lees, A. (2003). Anticholinergics for symptomatic management of Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2). (Systematic review highlighting the limited evidence base and significant adverse effects profile of anticholinergics).
  5. Cancelli, I., Beltrame, M., Gigli, G. L., & Valente, M. (2009). Drugs with anticholinergic properties: Cognitive and neuropsychiatric side-effects in elderly patients. Neurological Sciences, 30(2), 87-92. (Emphasizes the significant CNS risks, particularly delirium and cognitive impairment, in the elderly).
  6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2017). Parkinson's disease in adults: diagnosis and management [NG71]. (Clinical guideline recommending caution and limited role for anticholinergics).
  7. German Institute for Drug Use Evaluation (DAPI). (Various). Fachinformation (SmPC) for Sormodren® (Bornaprine). (Official prescribing information detailing contraindications, precautions, and adverse reactions).
  8. Fernandez, H. H., & Rodriguez, R. L. (2010). Anticholinergics in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In Movement Disorders Emergencies (pp. 195-204). Humana Press. (Discusses specific role and risks in PD management).
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