国内健康环球医讯家医百科科学探索医药资讯

斯妥乏因局部制剂Stovaine topical

更新时间:2025-05-27 22:55:20

一、药物基本属性

二、核心功效与临床应用

三、使用禁忌与注意事项

重要医疗建议强调:

参考文献

  1. Berkow, R. (Ed.). (1992). The Merck Manual (16th ed.). Merck & Co., Inc. (Historical reference mentioning Stovaine as an obsolete spinal anesthetic, largely superseded by procaine).
  2. Brill, S., & Gurman, G. M. (2003). A history of local anesthesia. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 123(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/146642400312300217 (Discusses the development of local anesthetics, including Stovaine's historical role).
  3. Calatayud, J., & González, Á. (2003). History of the development and evolution of local anesthesia since the coca leaf. Anesthesiology, 98(6), 1503–1508. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200306000-00031 (Provides context on the evolution of local anesthetics, noting the limitations and replacement of early agents like Stovaine).
  4. Covino, B. G. (1986). Pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 58(7), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/58.7.701 (Comprehensive review, acknowledges historical agents but focuses on modern drugs).
  5. Dripps, R. D., Vandam, L. D., & Eckenhoff, J. E. (1961). Introduction to Anesthesia: The Principles of Safe Practice (3rd ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. (Older textbook listing Stovaine as obsolete).
  6. Griffiths, H. W. G., & Gillies, J. (1948). A short history of spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 3(4), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1948.tb05908.x (Details the history of spinal anesthesia, highlighting the introduction and later problems/disuse of Stovaine due to toxicity).
  7. Lund, P. C. (1971). Principles and Practice of Spinal Anesthesia. Charles C Thomas Publisher. (Discusses historical agents like Stovaine and the reasons for their abandonment in favor of safer options).
  8. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (Historical Editions). The Pharmaceutical Press. (Older editions would have listed Stovaine and its indications/risks; current editions no longer include it, confirming its obsolete status).
  9. Smith, G. B., & Covino, B. G. (1985). Pharmacology of local anesthetic agents. In R. D. Miller (Ed.), Anesthesia (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 955-983). Churchill Livingstone. (Standard anesthesia text, discusses classes and notes historical figures like Stovaine as obsolete).
  10. Brinkman, R., & van der Westhuizen, J. (1968). Complications of spinal anaesthesia. South African Medical Journal, 42(31), 800–802. (Historical report illustrating complications associated with early spinal anesthetics like Stovaine).
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