Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. (权威药物大全,包含历史药物信息,描述其分类、药理作用、副作用、禁忌症及历史地位)。
Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Laurence L. Brunton, Randa Hilal-Dandan, Björn C. Knollmann (Eds.). McGraw-Hill Education. (经典药理学教科书,详细阐述抗胆碱能药物的药理作用机制、分类、共性副作用及禁忌症,季铵盐类抗胆碱药的特点)。
Katzung, B. G., & Trevor, A. J. (Eds.). (2021). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. McGraw-Hill Education. (基础与临床药理学教科书,提供抗胆碱能药物的药理学基础、临床应用变迁及不良反应)。
历史文献/药典:
Look up historical entries in older editions of pharmacopoeias (e.g., British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopeia) or drug compendia for specific chemical and early clinical information on this compound.
Early clinical trial reports or reviews on quaternary ammonium anticholinergics from the mid-20th century (e.g., in journals like The Lancet, British Medical Journal, Gastroenterology) provide context on their intended use and observed effects/side effects.
现代指南 (体现其淘汰地位):
Laine, L., Barkun, A. N., Saltzman, J. R., Martel, M., & Leontiadis, G. I. (2021). ACG Clinical Guideline: Upper Gastrointestinal and Ulcer Bleeding. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 116(5), 899–917. (现代指南推荐PPIs/H₂RAs而非抗胆碱药治疗溃疡)。
Ford, A. C., Lacy, B. E., & Talley, N. J. (2017). Irritable Bowel Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(26), 2566–2578. (现代指南讨论IBS治疗,不推荐非选择性抗胆碱药作为常规解痉药)。
Stanghellini, V., Chan, F. K., Hasler, W. L., Malagelada, J. R., Suzuki, H., Tack, J., & Talley, N. J. (2016). Gastroduodenal Disorders. Gastroenterology, 150(6), 1380–1392. (功能性胃肠病罗马IV标准,强调靶向治疗,未提及此类老药)。