United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol. Lists Benzylmorphine under international control. (核心法律依据)
World Health Organization (WHO).WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD) reports. Historical assessments of Benzylmorphine's dependence potential and abuse liability, supporting its international control. (评估依据)
International Narcotics Control Board (INCB).Annual Reports and List of Narcotic Drugs under International Control. Confirms the scheduling and control status of Benzylmorphine. (管制状态更新)
Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (various editions). Provides historical chemical, pharmacological, and (limited) clinical information on Benzylmorphine, noting its obsolete status. (权威药典,历史信息)
Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (various editions). Chapters on Opioid Analgesics detail the pharmacology of μ-opioid receptor agonists (the class to which Benzylmorphine belongs), including mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, adverse effects, dependence, and toxicity. (药理学基础)
National Formulary / Pharmacopoeia (e.g., USP, BP, Ph. Eur.). Modern editions do not include monographs for Benzylmorphine, confirming its lack of current pharmaceutical use. (官方药典佐证无合法应用)
National legislation: e.g., Regulations on the Administration of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (China), Controlled Substances Act (USA). National laws implementing the international conventions, explicitly listing Benzylmorphine as a controlled narcotic drug. (具体国家法律依据)