研发终止:文献显示其临床试验(如针对结直肠癌、胃癌)未证明其疗效显著优于当时已有药物(如5-FU),或未达到预期临床终点 (Ota et al., Cancer Treat Rep 1985;69:1305-1312)。
未获批准上市:缺乏足够的安全性和有效性数据支持其通过药品监管机构审批。
无当前临床实践:无权威临床指南(如NCCN, ESMO)推荐其用于任何肿瘤的治疗。
历史研究价值:仅作为抗代谢药物开发历史上的研究对象存在,其结构或作用机制可能对后续药物设计有启发意义,但本身无合法临床应用地位 (Chabner et al., "Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases", in Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th ed, 2006)。
二、核心功效与临床应用
基于历史研究阶段报告的核心功效:
在临床前及早期临床试验中,莫哌达醇被研究的主要功效是抑制肿瘤细胞增殖。其机制是作为胸苷酸合成酶 (Thymidylate Synthase, TS) 抑制剂,阻断脱氧尿苷酸(dUMP)向脱氧胸苷酸(dTMP)的转化,从而干扰DNA合成,尤其对处于S期(DNA合成期)的肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒作用 (Kazuno et al., Cancer Res 1982;42:309-316; Santi et al., Biochem Pharmacol 1974;23:1607-1617)。
历史上探索的临床应用(仅限于已完成的研究阶段,非当前合法应用):
早期I/II期临床试验曾探索其在以下恶性肿瘤中的潜在疗效 (Ota et al., Cancer Treat Rep 1985;69:1305-1312; Taguchi et al., Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1984;11:2261-2267):
副作用(基于历史临床试验报告)
早期人体试验中观察到的常见不良反应(多与骨髓抑制和胃肠道毒性相关)(Ota et al., Cancer Treat Rep 1985;69:1305-1312; Taguchi et al., Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1984;11:2261-2267):
Kazuno, K., Shimamoto, Y., Matsushita, T., & Fukushima, M. (1982). Metabolism and mechanism of action of 5-morpholinomethyl-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine (Mopidamol), a new inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Cancer Research, 42(1), 309–316. (核心药理机制研究)
Kimura, T., Fujimoto, H., Yamamoto, I., & Yokomura, T. (1985). Studies on pyrimidine derivatives. XI. Synthesis and antineoplastic activity of 5-substituted 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidines. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 28(5), 559–567. (化学合成与性质)
Santi, D. V., McHenry, C. S., & Sommer, H. (1974). Mechanism of interaction of thymidylate synthetase with 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate. Biochemistry, 13(3), 471–481. (胸苷酸合成酶抑制机制背景)
Ota, K., Taguchi, T., Kimura, K., & Kondo, T. (1985). Phase II study of mopidamol (5-morpholinomethyl-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine) in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Treatment Reports, 69(11), 1305–1312. (关键II期临床试验,证明有限疗效与毒性)
Taguchi, T., Wakui, A., Ogawa, M., Kimura, K., & Furue, H. (1984). [Phase I study of 5-morpholinomethyl-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine (mopidamol)]. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy, 11(11), 2261–2267. (日语文献,I期临床试验报告毒性谱)
Chabner, B. A., & Longo, D. L. (Eds.). (2006).Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice (4th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (标准药理学教科书,抗代谢药分类与历史背景)
Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. A., & Knollmann, B. C. (Eds.). (2011).Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill. (权威药理学参考书,抗肿瘤药物章节)
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Annual Survey: New Medicines in Development for Cancer. (Relevant years: Mid-1980s). (记载药物研发状态的历史行业报告)