Lamm DL, et al. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunotherapy of bladder cancer: laboratory and clinical studies. Eur Urol. 2000;37 Suppl 3:41-44.
Zeltins A. Construction and characterization of virus-like particles: a review. Mol Biotechnol. 2013;53(1):92-107. (佐剂机制)
疗效与安全性:
Morales A, et al. Intracavitary bacillus Calmette-Guérin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. J Urol. 1976;116(2):180-183. (对照BCG的早期研究)
European Medicines Agency (EMA). Assessment Report for Immucothel. EMA/CHMP/70400/2017. 2017. (撤销上市评估)
指南推荐:
Babjuk M, et al. EAU Guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (TaT1 and CIS). Eur Urol. 2023;83(6):553-561. (列为BCG失败后的可选方案)