Bombardelli, E., et al. (1980). Ibuproxam: A new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Arzneimittelforschung, 30(8A), 1348-52. (阐述前药设计及代谢机制)
Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (36th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. (收录异丁普生条目,确认其为布洛芬前药)
临床研究与退市依据:
Pasqualucci, V., et al. (1991). Clinical efficacy and tolerability of ibuproxam in rheumatoid arthritis. Current Therapeutic Research, 50(5), 666-674. (显示疗效未超越布洛芬)
EMA Assessment Report for Ibuprofen-containing Medicinal Products (2015). (间接说明前药未体现显著优势)
Italian Pharmaceutical Agency (AIFA) Historical Product Database. (确认在意大利退市状态)
安全性数据:
Rainsford, K.D. (1999). Profile and mechanisms of gastrointestinal and other side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Am J Med, 107(6A), 27S–36S. (NSAIDs类共性不良反应机制)
FDA Drug Safety Communication: NSAIDs (2015). (心血管及胃肠风险警示)
Kowalski, M.L., et al. (2013). Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – classification, diagnosis and management. Allergy, 68(10), 1219–1232. (过敏反应机制与管理)