同义词hypoplasia of the left heart、left heart hypoplasia syndrome、HLHS - [hypoplastic left heart syndrome]、hypoplasia of aortic valve, in hypoplastic left heart syndrome、atresia of mitral valve, in hypoplastic left heart syndrome、atresia or marked hypoplasia of aortic orifice or valve, with hypoplasia of ascending aorta and defective development of left ventricle、atresia or marked hypoplasia, of aortic orifice or valve, with hypoplasia of ascending aorta and defective development of left ventricle with mitral valve atresia、aortic valve atresia, in hypoplastic left heart syndrome、ascending aorta hypoplasia, in hypoplastic left heart syndrome
缩写HLHS
左心发育不全综合征(HLHS)诊断标准、辅助检查及实验室参考值
一、诊断标准
金标准(确诊依据):
超声心动图确诊:
左心室舒张末径<同胎龄正常值50%(Z值<-4)
主动脉瓣环直径<5 mm(Z值<-4)
升主动脉发育不良(直径<3 mm)
必须条件(核心诊断依据):
心血管结构异常(需满足全部):
左心室显著发育不良(容积<正常值30%)
主动脉瓣闭锁/严重狭窄(瓣口面积<0.5 cm²/m²)
二尖瓣闭锁/严重狭窄(瓣口面积<0.5 cm²/m²)
血流动力学障碍:
右心室承担体循环(经动脉导管依赖性全身灌注)
支持条件(临床与实验室依据):
典型临床表现(出生24小时内出现≥2项):
呼吸频率>60次/分(肺循环淤血)
动脉血氧饱和度<75%(未吸氧)
股动脉搏动减弱+上肢-下肢收缩压差>10 mmHg
实验室阈值:
代谢性酸中毒(pH<7.25,HCO₃⁻<15 mmol/L)
高乳酸血症(>4 mmol/L)
二、辅助检查
mermaid
graph TD
A[辅助检查] --> B[一级筛查]
A --> C[确诊检查]
A --> D[术前评估]
B --> B1(脉搏血氧监测)
B --> B2(四肢血压测量)
B --> B3(胸部X线)
C --> C1(超声心动图)
C --> C2(心导管检查)
D --> D1(心脏MRI)
D --> D2(脑部超声)