Covino, B. G., & Wildsmith, J. A. W. (1996). Clinical pharmacology of local anesthetic agents. In D. E. Longnecker, J. H. Tinker, & G. E. Morgan Jr. (Eds.), Principles and Practice of Anesthesiology (2nd ed., pp. 1239-1278). Mosby-Year Book. (经典教材,概述局麻药发展史,提及早期脊髓麻醉药物如普鲁卡因及其配方如Pitkin's Solution的局限性).
Moore, D. C. (1955). Complications of Regional Anesthesia. Charles C Thomas. (历史性专著,详细记录了早期局麻实践中的并发症,包括使用Pitkin's等溶液进行脊髓麻醉时出现的严重神经损伤病例).
Greene, N. M. (1981). Neurological sequelae of spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 55(6), 638-647. (综述文章,分析脊髓麻醉后神经系统并发症的原因,明确将含神经毒性添加剂如苯酚的溶液列为高风险因素).
Drasner, K. (2002). Local anesthetic neurotoxicity: clinical injury and strategies that may minimize risk. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 27(6), 576-580. (讨论局麻药神经毒性机制和风险因素,强调避免使用已知高毒性物质如苯酚的重要性).
Liu, S. S., & McDonald, S. B. (2001). Current issues in spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 94(5), 888-906. (现代综述,阐述脊髓麻醉的现状,仅推荐使用经过充分验证、安全性高的现代局麻药,如布比卡因、罗哌卡因、丁卡因等,不再提及Pitkin's Solution).
Pitkin, G. P. (1928). Controllable spinal anesthesia. Current Researches in Anesthesia & Analgesia, 7(5), 238-249. (Pitkin本人的原始文献,描述其溶液的配方初衷和使用方法,具有历史价值,但无法反映现代认知和标准).
Kennedy, F., Effron, A. S., & Perry, G. (1950). The grave spinal cord paralyses caused by spinal anesthesia. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 91(4), 385-398. (早期警示性文献,报告了多例脊髓麻醉后严重神经并发症,部分与使用含毒性物质的溶液有关).