Hardman, J.G., et al. (2001). Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill. (抗胆碱能药理学通论)
Kay, G., & Ebinger, U. (2008). Preserving cognitive function for patients with overactive bladder. Drugs & Aging, 25(9), 733-748. (抗胆碱能药中枢风险)
药物淘汰分析:
Abrams, P., et al. (2010). Muscarinic receptors: their distribution and function in body systems. British Journal of Pharmacology, 158(S1), S11-S21. (受体亚型选择性药物优势)
Japanese Pharmacopoeia (17th ed.). (2016). 苯咯溴铵条目(撤载记录)。
安全警示:
American Geriatrics Society. (2019). Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
European Medicines Agency. (2014). Assessment report for anticholinergic substances. EMA/CHMP/158366/2014.